Meningitis outbreak: symptoms, what to do, and how to protect yourself

Healthwatch Cambridgeshire and Peterborough is encouraging residents to remain vigilant following a recent outbreak of meningococcal disease in Kent.

The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) has confirmed multiple cases of invasive meningococcal disease, including a small number of deaths and several people becoming seriously unwell. The cases have largely involved young people and are believed to be associated with close-contact social environments.

Although this outbreak is geographically concentrated, meningococcal disease can occur anywhere. Awareness of the symptoms and knowing when to seek help is essential.

What is meningococcal disease?

Meningococcal disease is a serious bacterial infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis. It can lead to:

• Meningitis – inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord
• Septicaemia – blood poisoning, which can rapidly become life-threatening

The strain linked to the recent outbreak is understood to be meningococcal group B (MenB). While vaccines exist, not everyone is fully protected against this strain, particularly older teenagers and adults who may not have been eligible for routine vaccination when younger.

Symptoms to look out for

Meningococcal disease can develop quickly and may initially resemble common viral infections such as flu. Symptoms can include:

• Sudden high fever
• Severe headache
• Nausea and vomiting
• Stiff neck
• Sensitivity to light
• Cold hands and feet, limb pain, or pale/mottled skin
• Drowsiness, confusion, or difficulty waking
• Seizures (in severe cases)
• A distinctive rash that does not fade when pressed

Not all symptoms will appear at once, and they can worsen rapidly. The rash, often associated with meningitis, may appear later or not at all.

What to do if you are concerned

Meningococcal disease is a medical emergency. Early treatment is critical.

You should:

• Seek medical advice immediately if you are concerned about symptoms
• Contact NHS 111 or your GP for urgent advice
• Call 999 or attend A&E if symptoms are severe or rapidly worsening

Do not wait for all symptoms to appear before seeking help. Trust your instincts, particularly if someone is becoming increasingly unwell.

Individuals identified as close contacts of confirmed cases may be offered preventative antibiotics. It is important to take these exactly as prescribed.

Vaccination and prevention

Vaccination remains the most effective way to protect against meningococcal disease.

In the UK:

• The MenACWY vaccine is routinely offered to teenagers and protects against four strains (A, C, W, and Y)
• The MenB vaccine is part of the routine childhood immunisation programme

However, many older teenagers and adults may not have received protection against MenB.

Private vaccination is available through pharmacies and clinics locally. Costs can vary significantly depending on the provider and number of doses required. For example:

• At Boots Pharmacy, the MenB vaccination course is priced at approximately £220 for two doses
• Cherry Hinton Pharmacy offers the vaccine at around £128 per dose
• Graham Young Pharmacy also provides private vaccination services, with pricing available on request

The importance of community awareness

Although meningococcal disease is rare, its impact can be severe and life changing. Raising awareness of symptoms and encouraging prompt action can help save lives.

Healthwatch Cambridgeshire and Peterborough is also keen to hear from local residents:

• Have you or someone close to you experienced meningitis?
• Were you able to access care and support when needed?
• What could have improved your experience?

Sharing your feedback helps inform and improve local health and care services.

Final message

Meningococcal disease can progress rapidly, but early recognition and treatment significantly improve outcomes. Staying informed, being aware of symptoms, and ensuring vaccinations are up to date are key steps in protecting yourself and others.

If you are in doubt about symptoms, seek medical help immediately. For more information visit: Current meningitis vaccines available in the UK - Meningitis Explained | Meningitis Now